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\n \u8d75\u6668\u9633\uff0c\u9ec4\u4e91\u8679\uff0c\u9ad8\u6668\u71d5*.\u52a0\u5feb\u518d\u751f\u533b\u5b66\u7597\u6cd5\u7814\u53d1\u548c\u4e0a\u5e02\u7684\u6ce8\u518c\u673a\u5236\u7814\u7a76[J].\u4e2d\u56fd\u98df\u54c1\u836f\u54c1\u76d1\u7ba1.2021.08\uff08211\uff09\uff1a24-33.\n <\/p>\n<\/section>\n
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\n Overview of Expedited Regulatory Programs for Regenerative Medicine Therapies in US FDA<\/strong>\n <\/p>\n <\/section>\n <\/section>\n<\/section>\n
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\n ZHAO Chen-yang<\/span>\n <\/p>\n
\n Center for Drug Evaluation, National Medical Products Administration<\/span>\n <\/p>\n
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\n \u9ec4\u4e91\u8679<\/strong>\n <\/p>\n
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\n HUANG Yun-hong<\/span>\n <\/p>\n
\n Center for Drug Evaluation, National Medical Products Administration<\/span>\n <\/p>\n
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\n GAO Chen-yan*<\/span>\n <\/p>\n
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\n \u7f8e\u56fdFDA \u9488\u5bf9\u6240\u6709\u6cbb\u7597\u4e25\u91cd\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u836f\u54c1\u548c\u751f\u7269\u5236\u54c1\u5236\u5b9a\u4e864 \u79cd\u52a0\u5feb\u6ce8\u518c\u653f\u7b56\uff1a\u5feb\u901f\u901a\u9053\u8d44\u683c\u3001\u7a81\u7834\u6027\u7597\u6cd5\u8d44\u683c\u3001\u4f18\u5148\u5ba1\u8bc4\u8d44\u683c\u3001\u52a0\u901f\u6279\u51c6\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u4ee5\u4e0a\u52a0\u901f\u653f\u7b56\u5916\uff0c\u4e3a\u4fc3\u8fdb\u518d\u751f\u533b\u5b66\u7597\u6cd5\u7684\u7814\u53d1\u548c\u52a0\u5feb\u5ba1\u8bc4\uff0c\u4ee5\u89e3\u51b3\u4e25\u91cd\u75be\u75c5\u60a3\u8005\u672a\u6ee1\u8db3\u7684\u533b\u7597\u9700\u6c42\uff0cFDA \u4e13\u95e8\u4e3a\u6cbb\u7597\u4e25\u91cd\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u518d\u751f\u533b\u5b66\u7597\u6cd5\u5236\u5b9a\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u52a0\u5feb\u653f\u7b56\u518d\u751f\u533b\u5b66\u5148\u8fdb\u7597\u6cd5\u8ba4\u5b9a\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u4e3b\u8981\u4ecb\u7ecd\u7f8e\u56fd\u9488\u5bf9\u518d\u751f\u533b\u5b66\u7597\u6cd5\u76845 \u79cd\u52a0\u5feb\u6ce8\u518c\u7684\u6fc0\u52b1\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u518d\u751f\u533b\u5b66\u5148\u8fdb\u7597\u6cd5\u8ba4\u5b9a\u3002\u5e76\u4e14\u5bf9\u6211\u56fd\u65b0\u4fee\u8ba2\u300a\u836f\u54c1\u6ce8\u518c\u7ba1\u7406\u529e\u6cd5\u300b\u4fee\u8ba2\u524d\u540e\u7684\u52a0\u5feb\u836f\u54c1\u6ce8\u518c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u8f83\u3002\n <\/p>\n<\/section>\n
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\n The US FDA has launched four expedited regulatory programs for serious conditions for chemical drugs and biologics, including fast track designation, breakthrough therapy designation, priority review designation, and accelerated approval. In addition to these expedited programs, to facilitate development and regulatory review of regenerative medicine therapies intended to address unmet medical needs in patients with serious conditions, FDA introduced \u201cregenerative medicine advanced therapy\u201d (RMAT) designation for regenerative medicine therapies. This article mainly introduces five expedited programs for regenerative medicine therapies, particularly the RMAT designation, and compares these programs with those in China in place before and after issuance of the newly-revised Provisions for Drug Registration<\/em>.\n <\/p>\n
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\n \u836f\u54c1\uff1b\u518d\u751f\u533b\u5b66\u7597\u6cd5\uff1b\u4e25\u91cd\u75be\u75c5\uff1b\u52a0\u5feb\u6ce8\u518c\u653f\u7b56\n <\/p>\n<\/section>\n
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\n medical products; regenerative medicine therapy; serious conditions; expedited programs for drug review\n <\/p>\n<\/section>\n
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\n \u518d\u751f\u533b\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u53d1\u5c55\u8fc5\u901f\uff0c\u5728\u6cbb\u7597\u4e25\u91cd\u75be\u75c5\u65b9\u9762\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u672a\u6ee1\u8db3\u533b\u7597\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u60a3\u8005\u5177\u6709\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u6f5c\u529b\u30022020 \u5e74\uff0c \u7f8e\u56fdFDA \u5b9a\u7a3f\u4e86\u300a\u7528\u4e8e\u4e25\u91cd\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u518d\u751f\u533b\u5b66\u7597\u6cd5\u7684\u52a0\u901f\u8ba1\u5212\u884c\u4e1a\u6307\u5357\u300b\uff08Expedited Programs for Regenerative Medicine Therapies for Serious Conditions Guidance for Industry<\/em>\uff09^{[1]<\/sup>\u3002\u8be5\u884c\u4e1a\u6307\u5357\u7531\u751f\u7269\u5236\u54c1\u5ba1\u8bc4\u4e0e\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff08Centerfor Biologics Evaluation and Research\uff0cCBER\uff09 \u8d77\u8349\uff0c \u65e8\u5728\u4fc3\u8fdb\u518d\u751f\u533b\u5b66\u7597\u6cd5\u7684\u7814\u53d1\u548c\u52a0\u5feb\u5ba1\u8bc4\uff0c\u4ee5\u89e3\u51b3\u4e25\u91cd\u75be\u75c5\u60a3\u8005\u672a\u6ee1\u8db3\u7684\u533b\u7597\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u8be5\u884c\u4e1a\u6307\u5357\u662f\u57282014 \u5e74\u7f8e\u56fdFDA \u7684\u836f\u54c1\u5ba1\u8bc4\u4e0e\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff08Center for Drug Evaluation and Research\uff0cCDER\uff09 \u548cCBER \u8054\u5408\u53d1\u5e03\u7684\u9488\u5bf9\u6240\u6709\u4e25\u91cd\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u836f\u54c1\u548c\u751f\u7269\u5236\u54c1\u52a0\u901f\u5ba1\u8bc4\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5236\u5b9a\u7684\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6240\u6709\u6cbb\u7597\u4e25\u91cd\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u836f\u54c1\u7684\u5feb\u901f\u901a\u9053\u8d44\u683c\u3001\u7a81\u7834\u6027\u7597\u6cd5\u8d44\u683c\u3001\u4f18\u5148\u5ba1\u8bc4\u8d44\u683c\u3001\u52a0\u901f\u6279\u51c64 \u79cd\u9014\u5f84\u5916\uff0c \u65b0\u589e\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u4e13\u95e8\u7528\u4e8e\u518d\u751f\u533b\u5b66\u7597\u6cd5\u7684\u518d\u751f\u533b\u5b66\u5148\u8fdb\u7597\u6cd5\u8ba4\u5b9a\uff08regenerative medicine advanced therapy\uff0cRMAT\uff09\u3002\u6839\u636e2015~2020 \u5e74\u7f8e\u56fdCDER\u7684\u5e74\u5ea6\u5ba1\u8bc4\u62a5\u544a\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u5f53\u5e74\u6279\u51c6\u7684\u65b0\u836f\u670960%~73% \u5728\u7814\u53d1\u548c\u5ba1\u6279\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u81f3\u5c11\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u4e00\u9879\u52a0\u5feb\u7814\u53d1\u548c\u5ba1\u8bc4\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u3002\u5176\u4e2d2020 \u5e74\u5ea6\u5ba1\u8bc4\u62a5\u544a\u663e\u793a^{[2]<\/sup>\uff0c68%\uff0836\/53\uff09\u6279\u51c6\u7684\u65b0\u836f\u5728\u7814\u53d1\u548c\u5ba1\u6279\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u81f3\u5c11\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u4e00\u9879\u52a0\u5feb\u7814\u53d1\u548c\u5ba1\u8bc4\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u300232%\uff0817\/53\uff09 \u83b7\u5f97\u5feb\u901f\u901a\u9053\u8d44\u683c\uff0c42%\uff0822\/53\uff09 \u83b7\u5f97\u7a81\u7834\u6027\u7597\u6cd5\u8d44\u683c\uff0c57%\uff0830\/53\uff09\u83b7\u5f97\u4f18\u5148\u5ba1\u8bc4\u8d44\u683c\uff0c23%\uff0812\/53\uff09\u83b7\u5f97\u52a0\u901f\u6279\u51c6\u3002\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u518d\u751f\u533b\u5b66\u5148\u8fdb\u7597\u6cd5\u8ba4\u5b9a\u548c\u52a0\u901f\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u7ecf\u9a8c\u6bd4\u8f83\u6709\u9650\u3002\u672c\u6587\u4e3b\u8981\u4ecb\u7ecd\u7f8e\u56fd\u9488\u5bf9\u518d\u751f\u533b\u5b66\u7597\u6cd5\u76845 \u79cd\u52a0\u5feb\u6ce8\u518c\u7684\u6fc0\u52b1\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u518d\u751f\u533b\u5b66\u5148\u8fdb\u7597\u6cd5\u8ba4\u5b9a\u3002\u5e76\u4e14\u5bf9\u6211\u56fd\u65b0\u4fee\u8ba2\u300a\u836f\u54c1\u6ce8\u518c\u7ba1\u7406\u529e\u6cd5\u300b\u4fee\u8ba2\u524d\u540e\u7684\u52a0\u5feb\u836f\u54c1\u6ce8\u518c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u8f83\u3002\n <\/p>\n<\/section>\n}}
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\n \u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u7ec6\u80de\u7597\u6cd5\u548c\u57fa\u56e0\u7597\u6cd5\u53d1\u5c55\u8f83\u5feb\uff0c\u6279\u51c6\u4e0a\u5e02\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u6570\u91cf\u5374\u975e\u5e38\u5c11\u3002\u4e3a\u52a0\u901f\u518d\u751f\u533b\u5b66\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u7814\u53d1\u548c\u4e0a\u5e02\uff0cFDA \u4e13\u95e8\u4e3a\u518d\u751f\u533b\u5b66\u7597\u6cd5\u5236\u5b9a\u4e86\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u4ee5\u518d\u751f\u533b\u5b66\u5148\u8fdb\u7597\u6cd5\u8ba4\u5b9a\u6765\u52a0\u5f3a\u5bf9\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u6307\u5bfc\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u518d\u751f\u533b\u5b66\u7597\u6cd5\u8fd8\u9002\u7528\u4e8e2014 \u5e74\u53d1\u5e03\u7684\u9488\u5bf9\u836f\u54c1\u548c\u751f\u7269\u5236\u54c1\u7684\u6240\u6709\u52a0\u901f\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u5982\u5feb\u901f\u901a\u9053\u3001\u7a81\u7834\u6027\u7597\u6cd5\u3001\u52a0\u901f\u6279\u51c6\u3001\u4f18\u5148\u5ba1\u8bc4^{[4]<\/sup>\u3002\u5feb\u901f\u901a\u9053\u3001\u7a81\u7834\u6027\u7597\u6cd5\u3001\u52a0\u901f\u6279\u51c6\u3001\u4f18\u5148\u5ba1\u8bc4\u4e0e\u518d\u751f\u533b\u5b66\u5148\u8fdb\u7597\u6cd5\u8ba4\u5b9a\u4e92\u76f8\u5e76\u4e0d\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u4e34\u5e8a\u8bd5\u9a8c\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u7814\u53d1\u5355\u4f4d\u53ef\u540c\u65f6\u3001\u5355\u72ec\u7533\u8bf7\u4e00\u5230\u591a\u4e2a\u8ba4\u5b9a\u3002\u5feb\u901f\u901a\u9053\u8d44\u683c\u8ba4\u5b9a\u548c\u7a81\u7834\u6027\u7597\u6cd5\u8d44\u683c\u8ba4\u5b9a\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u4e34\u5e8a\u8bd5\u9a8c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5728\u4e34\u5e8a\u8bd5\u9a8c\u65e9\u671f\u53ef\u83b7\u5f97\u76d1\u7ba1\u673a\u6784\u7684\u7814\u53d1\u6307\u5bfc\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u63d0\u4ea4\u90e8\u5206\u7533\u62a5\u8d44\u6599\u7528\u4e8e\u5ba1\u8bc4\u3002\n <\/p>\n<\/section>\n}
\n
\n \n <\/p>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\n 2.1 \u5feb\u901f\u901a\u9053\u8d44\u683c\u8ba4\u5b9a<\/strong>\n <\/p>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\n \n <\/p>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\n \u6cbb\u7597\u4e25\u91cd\u75be\u75c5\u4e14\u4e34\u5e8a\u6216\u975e\u4e34\u5e8a\u6570\u636e\u663e\u793a\u6709\u89e3\u51b3\u6b64\u7c7b\u75be\u75c5\u60a3\u8005\u672a\u6ee1\u8db3\u7684\u4e34\u5e8a\u9700\u6c42\u6f5c\u529b\u7684\u65b0\u836f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u5feb\u901f\u901a\u9053\u8d44\u683c\u8ba4\u5b9a\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u7814\u53d1\u65e9\u671f\uff0c\u4f53\u5916\u8bd5\u9a8c\u6216\u8005\u52a8\u7269\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u836f\u6548\u5b66\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u8db3\u4ee5\u652f\u6301\u5176\u5177\u6709\u89e3\u51b3\u672a\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e34\u5e8a\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u6f5c\u529b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u67d0\u4e2a\u518d\u751f\u533b\u5b66\u7597\u6cd5\u7684\u4e34\u5e8a\u6216\u975e\u4e34\u5e8a\u6570\u636e\u8bc1\u5b9e\u5176\u5177\u6709\u8fd9\u79cd\u6f5c\u529b\uff0c\u4e14\u5177\u4f53\u4e34\u5e8a\u7814\u53d1\u9879\u76ee\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u4e25\u91cd\u75be\u75c5\u672a\u6ee1\u8db3\u7684\u4e34\u5e8a\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48FDA \u4f1a\u8003\u8651\u6388\u4e88\u5176\u5feb\u901f\u901a\u9053\u8d44\u683c\u3002\u83b7\u5f97\u5feb\u901f\u901a\u9053\u8d44\u683c\u8ba4\u5b9a\u7684\u65b0\u836f\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u4fc3\u8fdb\u7814\u53d1\u548c\u52a0\u5feb\u5ba1\u8bc4\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u652f\u6301\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u4f01\u4e1a\u63d0\u4ea4\u4e86\u4e34\u5e8a\u6570\u636e\u663e\u793a\u8be5\u836f\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u6548\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0cFDA\u53ef\u80fd\u5141\u8bb8\u6eda\u52a8\u63d0\u4ea4\u7533\u62a5\u8d44\u6599\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u83b7\u5f97\u5feb\u901f\u901a\u9053\u8d44\u683c\u8ba4\u5b9a\u7684\u836f\u54c1\u5982\u679c\u5176\u4e34\u5e8a\u8bd5\u9a8c\u6570\u636e\u7b26\u5408\u76f8\u5173\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u53ef\u5728\u4e0a\u5e02\u8bb8\u53ef\u7533\u8bf7\u63d0\u4ea4\u65f6\u83b7\u5f97\u4f18\u5148\u5ba1\u8bc4\u7684\u8d44\u683c^{[1,4]<\/sup>\u3002\n <\/p>\n<\/section>\n}
\n
\n \n <\/p>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\n 2.2 \u7a81\u7834\u6027\u7597\u6cd5\u8d44\u683c\u8ba4\u5b9a<\/strong>\n <\/p>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\n \n <\/p>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\n \u7a81\u7834\u6027\u7597\u6cd5\u8d44\u683c\u8ba4\u5b9a\u7528\u4e8e\u6cbb\u7597\u4e25\u91cd\u75be\u75c5\u4e14\u521d\u6b65\u4e34\u5e8a\u8bd5\u9a8c\u6570\u636e\u663e\u793a\u5bf9\u73b0\u6709\u7597\u6cd5\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5230\u591a\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u4e34\u5e8a\u7ec8\u70b9\u4e0a\u5177\u6709\u660e\u663e\u6539\u5584\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u65b0\u836f\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u83b7\u5f97\u7a81\u7834\u6027\u7597\u6cd5\u8d44\u683c\u8ba4\u5b9a\u3002\u83b7\u5f97\u7a81\u7834\u6027\u7597\u6cd5\u8d44\u683c\u8ba4\u5b9a\u7684\u65b0\u836f\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u4eab\u53d7\u6240\u6709\u5feb\u901f\u901a\u9053\u8ba4\u5b9a\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u5982\u52a0\u5f3a\u7814\u53d1\u6307\u5bfc\u3001\u6eda\u52a8\u5ba1\u8bc4\u7b49\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0cFDA\u8fd8\u627f\u8bfa\u9ad8\u5c42\u7ba1\u7406\u4eba\u5458\u53c2\u4e0e\u4e0e\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u6c9f\u901a\u6765\u4fc3\u8fdb\u836f\u54c1\u7684\u7814\u53d1^{[1,4]<\/sup>\u3002\n <\/p>\n<\/section>\n}
\n
\n \n <\/p>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\n \u7a81\u7834\u6027\u7597\u6cd5\u8d44\u683c\u8ba4\u5b9a\u6240\u9700\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u7ea7\u522b\u9ad8\u4e8e\u5feb\u901f\u901a\u9053\u8d44\u683c\u8ba4\u5b9a\uff0c\u5176\u4e0e\u73b0\u6709\u7597\u6cd5\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u660e\u663e\u6539\u5584\u91cd\u8981\u4e34\u5e8a\u7ec8\u70b9\u7684\u521d\u6b65\u4e34\u5e8a\u8bd5\u9a8c\u6570\u636e\u4e00\u822c\u6765\u81ea\u2160\u671f\u6216\u2161\u671f\u4e34\u5e8a\u8bd5\u9a8c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u9879\u5f00\u653e\u6807\u7b7e\u7684\u9996\u6b21\u4eba\u4f53\u8bd5\u9a8c\u4e2d\uff0c\u9488\u5bf9\u73b0\u6709\u7597\u6cd5\u96be\u4ee5\u6cbb\u7597\u7684\u8f6c\u79fb\u6027\u4e73\u817a\u764c\uff0c\u6ce8\u5c04\u8868\u8fbe\u80bf\u7624\u7279\u5f02\u6027\u6297\u539f\u7684\u5f02\u4f53\u80bf\u7624\u7ec6\u80de\u7cfb\u8fdb\u884c\u514d\u75ab\u6cbb\u7597\uff0c\u76f8\u5f53\u6bd4\u4f8b\u7684\u53d7\u8bd5\u8005\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u5b8c\u5168\u7f13\u89e3\u3002\u9488\u5bf9\u5e74\u9f84\u76f8\u5173\u6027\u9ec4\u6591\u53d8\u6027\u665a\u671f\u60a3\u8005\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u89c6\u7f51\u819c\u4e0b\u6ce8\u5c04\u89c6\u7f51\u819c\u8272\u7d20\u4e0a\u76ae\u7ec6\u80de\u8fdb\u884c\u6cbb\u7597\uff0c\u5728\u6cbb\u75971 \u5e74\u540e\uff0c\u89c6\u654f\u5ea6\u6216\u89c6\u91ce\u663e\u8457\u6539\u5584\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5730\u56fe\u6837\u840e\u7f29\u9762\u79ef\u663e\u8457\u7f29\u5c0f\u3002\u53c8\u5982\uff0c\u9488\u5bf9\u884c\u52a8\u80fd\u529b\u53d7\u9650\u7684\u4e25\u91cd\u9aa8\u5173\u8282\u708e\u60a3\u8005\uff0c\u5728\u5173\u8282\u5185\u6ce8\u5c04\u542b\u6709\u9020\u8840\u5e72\u7ec6\u80de\u751f\u6210\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u7f13\u51b2\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e0e\u4ec5\u6ce8\u5c04\u5e73\u8861\u7f13\u51b2\u6eb6\u6db2\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u53ef\u663e\u8457\u7f13\u89e3\u75bc\u75db\u548c\u6539\u5584\u529f\u80fd^{[1]<\/sup>\u3002\n <\/p>\n<\/section>\n}
\n
\n \n <\/p>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\n 2.3 \u4f18\u5148\u5ba1\u8bc4\u8d44\u683c\u8ba4\u5b9a<\/strong>\n <\/p>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\n \n <\/p>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\n \u7528\u4e8e\u6cbb\u7597\u4e25\u91cd\u75be\u75c5\u4e14\u5bf9\u73b0\u6709\u7597\u6cd5\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u6216\u6709\u6548\u6027\u5177\u6709\u663e\u8457\u6539\u5584\u7684\u65b0\u836f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e0a\u5e02\u524d\u6c9f\u901a\u4f1a\u4e0a\u4e0eFDA \u8ba8\u8bba\u4f18\u5148\u5ba1\u8bc4\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u63d0\u4ea4\u4e0a\u5e02\u8bb8\u53ef\u7533\u8bf7\u65f6\u8fdb\u884c\u7533\u8bf7\u3002\u518d\u751f\u533b\u5b66\u7597\u6cd5\u5982\u7b26\u5408\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6761\u4ef6\u4e5f\u53ef\u7533\u8bf7\u4f18\u5148\u5ba1\u8bc4\u8d44\u683c\u3002FDA \u4f1a\u57286 \u4e2a\u6708\u5185\u5b8c\u6210\u5bf9\u83b7\u5f97\u4f18\u5148\u5ba1\u8bc4\u8d44\u683c\u8ba4\u5b9a\u7684\u836f\u54c1\u7684\u5ba1\u6279^{[1,4]<\/sup>\u3002\n <\/p>\n<\/section>\n}
\n
\n \n <\/p>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\n 2.4 \u52a0\u901f\u6279\u51c6<\/strong>\n <\/p>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\n \n <\/p>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\n \u52a0\u901f\u6279\u51c6\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u75c5\u7a0b\u8f83\u957f\u3001\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u6269\u5c55\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6bb5\u6765\u8bc4\u4f30\u836f\u54c1\u7684\u9884\u671f\u4e34\u5e8a\u83b7\u76ca\u72b6\u51b5\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u6cbb\u7597\u4e25\u91cd\u6216\u5371\u53ca\u751f\u547d\u7684\u75be\u75c5\uff0c\u4e0e\u73b0\u6709\u7597\u6cd5\u76f8\u6bd4\u5177\u6709\u4f18\u52bf\uff0c\u4e14\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u5177\u6709\u6539\u5584\u53ef\u80fd\u9884\u6d4b\u4e34\u5e8a\u7ec8\u70b9\u7684\u66ff\u4ee3\u7ec8\u70b9\u6216\u8005\u6bd4\u4e34\u5e8a\u7ec8\u70b9\u66f4\u65e9\u6d4b\u91cf\u5230\u7684\u4e2d\u95f4\u4e34\u5e8a\u7ec8\u70b9\u8868\u73b0\u7684\u65b0\u836f\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u518d\u751f\u533b\u5b66\u7597\u6cd5\u3002FDA \u8003\u8651\u75be\u75c5\u4e25\u91cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3001\u662f\u5426\u7f55\u89c1\u75c5\u3001\u53d1\u75c5\u7387\u4ee5\u53ca\u8be5\u75be\u75c5\u662f\u5426\u6709\u53ef\u7528\u836f\u7269\u7b49\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u53ef\u57fa\u4e8e\u66ff\u4ee3\u7ec8\u70b9\u6216\u4e2d\u95f4\u4e34\u5e8a\u7ec8\u70b9\u505a\u51fa\u5ba1\u6279\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002\u83b7\u5f97\u518d\u751f\u533b\u5b66\u5148\u8fdb\u7597\u6cd5\u8ba4\u5b9a\u7684\u836f\u54c1\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e8b\u5148\u4e0eFDA \u5c31\u80fd\u9884\u6d4b\u957f\u671f\u4e34\u5e8a\u83b7\u76ca\u7684\u66ff\u4ee3\u7ec8\u70b9\u6216\u4e2d\u95f4\u4e34\u5e8a\u7ec8\u70b9\u8fbe\u6210\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5177\u6709\u4ece\u4e00\u5b9a\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u4e34\u5e8a\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u83b7\u5f97FDA \u7684\u52a0\u901f\u6279\u51c6\u3002FDA \u770b\u91cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6570\u636e\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff0c\u5982\u591a\u4e2a\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7ec8\u70b9\u6307\u6807\u5747\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u7597\u6548\uff0c\u8fd9\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u8be5\u836f\u6709\u6548\u6027\u6570\u636e\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u4ee5\u53ef\u9760\u5730\u5916\u63a8\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3002\u57fa\u4e8e\u6b64\u83b7\u5f97\u52a0\u901f\u6279\u51c6\u7684\u518d\u751f\u533b\u5b66\u7597\u6cd5\uff0cFDA \u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u8981\u6c42\u5176\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e0a\u5e02\u540e\u5916\u63a8\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u4e34\u5e8a\u8bd5\u9a8c\u6570\u636e\u3002\n <\/p>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\n \n <\/p>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\n \u901a\u8fc7\u52a0\u901f\u6279\u51c6\u7684\u836f\u54c1\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e02\u540e\u4ecd\u9700\u8fdb\u884c\u786e\u8bc1\u6027\u8bd5\u9a8c\u4ee5\u8bc1\u5b9e\u9884\u671f\u7684\u4e34\u5e8a\u83b7\u76ca\u3002\u5982\u679c\u786e\u8bc1\u6027\u4e34\u5e8a\u8bd5\u9a8c\u8868\u660e\u8be5\u836f\u786e\u5b9e\u5177\u6709\u4e34\u5e8a\u83b7\u76ca\uff0cFDA \u5c06\u5bf9\u8be5\u836f\u518d\u8fdb\u884c\u5e38\u89c4\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u6279\u51c6\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u518d\u751f\u533b\u5b66\u7597\u6cd5\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u52a0\u901f\u6279\u51c6\u540e\u7684\u4e0a\u5e02\u540e\u8981\u6c42\u901a\u5e38\u5305\u62ec\u63d0\u4ea4\u4e34\u5e8a\u7814\u7a76\u6216\u8005\u771f\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u8bc1\u636e\u3001\u6536\u96c6\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u786e\u8bc1\u6027\u8bd5\u9a8c\u6570\u636e\u3001\u4e0a\u5e02\u540e\u76d1\u6d4b\u6240\u6709\u4f7f\u7528\u8be5\u7597\u6cd5\u7684\u60a3\u8005\u76f4\u81f3\u83b7\u5f97\u5e38\u89c4\u6279\u51c6^{[1,4]<\/sup>\u3002\n <\/p>\n<\/section>\n}
\n
\n \n <\/p>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\n 2.5 \u518d\u751f\u533b\u5b66\u5148\u8fdb\u7597\u6cd5\u8ba4\u5b9a<\/strong>\n <\/p>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\n \n <\/p>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\n \u6cbb\u7597\u4e25\u91cd\u75be\u75c5\u4e14\u521d\u6b65\u4e34\u5e8a\u8bc1\u636e\u663e\u793a\u518d\u751f\u533b\u5b66\u7597\u6cd5\u6709\u89e3\u51b3\u6b64\u7c7b\u75be\u75c5\u60a3\u8005\u672a\u6ee1\u8db3\u7684\u4e34\u5e8a\u9700\u6c42\u6f5c\u529b\u7684\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6388\u4e88\u518d\u751f\u533b\u5b66\u5148\u8fdb\u7597\u6cd5\u8ba4\u5b9a\u3002\u7531\u518d\u751f\u533b\u5b66\u4ea7\u54c1\u4e0e\u533b\u7597\u5668\u68b0\u6216\u5316\u5b66\u836f\u54c1\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\u4ea7\u54c1\uff0c\u5f53\u518d\u751f\u533b\u5b66\u4ea7\u54c1\u662f\u8d77\u4e3b\u8981\u6cbb\u7597\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u6210\u4efd\u65f6\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7533\u8bf7\u518d\u751f\u533b\u5b66\u5148\u8fdb\u7597\u6cd5\u8ba4\u5b9a\u3002\u518d\u751f\u533b\u5b66\u5148\u8fdb\u7597\u6cd5\u8ba4\u5b9a\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e0e\u73b0\u6709\u6cbb\u7597\u76f8\u6bd4\u7597\u6548\u66f4\u52a0\u663e\u8457\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u3002\u521d\u6b65\u4e34\u5e8a\u8bc1\u636e\u4e00\u822c\u6765\u81ea\u8bc4\u4f30\u5176\u5bf9\u4e25\u91cd\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u6cbb\u7597\u6548\u5e94\u7684\u4e34\u5e8a\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u5e73\u884c\u5bf9\u7167\u7684\u524d\u77bb\u6027\u4e34\u5e8a\u8bd5\u9a8c\uff0c\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u5386\u53f2\u5bf9\u7167\u7684\u4e34\u5e8a\u7814\u7a76\u3001\u8bbe\u8ba1\u826f\u597d\u7684\u56de\u987e\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u3001\u75c5\u4f8b\u96c6\uff0c\u524d\u63d0\u662f\u8be5\u4e34\u5e8a\u8bc1\u636e\u4e2d\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u4e0e\u8fdb\u884c\u4e34\u5e8a\u8bd5\u9a8c\u7684\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ea7\u54c1\u3002\u5728\u8bc4\u4ef7\u521d\u6b65\u4e34\u5e8a\u8bc1\u636e\u65f6\uff0cFDA \u4f1a\u8003\u8651\u4ee5\u4e0b\u56e0\u7d20\uff1a\u6570\u636e\u6536\u96c6\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u3001\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u548c\u8bf4\u670d\u529b\u3001\u53d7\u8bd5\u8005\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u3001\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u3001\u8be5\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u4e25\u91cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3001\u662f\u5426\u7f55\u89c1\u4ee5\u53ca\u53d1\u75c5\u7387\u7b49\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u5242\u91cf\u63a2\u7d22\u7684\u2161\u671f\u4e34\u5e8a\u8bd5\u9a8c\u4e2d\uff0c\u5411\u73b0\u6709\u7597\u6cd5\u96be\u4ee5\u6cbb\u7597\u7684\u665a\u671f\u5fc3\u529b\u8870\u7aed\u60a3\u8005\u5fc3\u808c\u5185\u6ce8\u5c04\u5f02\u4f53\u7684\u89d2\u8d28\u7ec6\u80de\u548c\u95f4\u5145\u8d28\u524d\u4f53\u7ec6\u80de\u4ea7\u54c1\uff0c\u5728\u591a\u4e2a\u5de6\u5fc3\u5ba4\u751f\u7406\u529f\u80fd\u4e0a\u6709\u5242\u91cf\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684\u6539\u5584\u3002\u83b7\u5f97\u8be5\u8ba4\u5b9a\u53ef\u4ee5\u4eab\u53d7\u5feb\u901f\u901a\u9053\u8d44\u683c\u548c\u7a81\u7834\u6027\u7597\u6cd5\u8d44\u683c\u7684\u6240\u6709\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u65e9\u671f\u4e0eFDA \u4e92\u52a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba8\u8bba\u52a0\u901f\u6279\u51c6\u4e2d\u66ff\u4ee3\u7ec8\u70b9\u6216\u4e2d\u95f4\u4e34\u5e8a\u7ec8\u70b9\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e0a\u5e02\u540e\u8981\u6c42\u7b49^{[1]<\/sup>\u3002\n <\/p>\n<\/section>\n}
\n
\n \n <\/p>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\n 2.5.1 \u7533\u8bf7\u7a0b\u5e8f<\/strong>\n <\/p>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\n \n <\/p>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\n \u4f01\u4e1a\u53ef\u4ee5\u57fa\u4e8e\u5df2\u6709\u7684\u65b0\u836f\u4e34\u5e8a\u8bd5\u9a8c\u7533\u8bf7\uff08investigational new drug\uff0cIND\uff09 \u7684\u518d\u751f\u533b\u5b66\u7597\u6cd5\u7533\u8bf7\u518d\u751f\u533b\u5b66\u5148\u8fdb\u7597\u6cd5\u8ba4\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u7533\u8bf7\u65b0\u7684IND \u540c\u65f6\u7533\u8bf7\u518d\u751f\u533b\u5b66\u5148\u8fdb\u7597\u6cd5\u8ba4\u5b9a\u3002\u7533\u8bf7\u5305\u62ec\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5185\u5bb9\uff1a\u2460\u63cf\u8ff0\u4ea7\u54c1\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u7b26\u5408\u518d\u751f\u533b\u5b66\u7597\u6cd5\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002\u2461\u5bf9\u8981\u6cbb\u7597\u7684\u9002\u5e94\u75c7\u662f\u4e25\u91cd\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002\u2462\u83b7\u76ca- \u98ce\u9669\u8bc4\u4f30\u3002\u2463\u63cf\u8ff0\u8be5\u4ea7\u54c1\u6709\u6f5c\u529b\u89e3\u51b3\u672a\u6ee1\u8db3\u7684\u4e34\u5e8a\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u2464\u8bc1\u660e\u8be5\u4ea7\u54c1\u6709\u6f5c\u529b\u89e3\u51b3\u4e25\u91cd\u75be\u75c5\u672a\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e34\u5e8a\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u521d\u6b65\u4e34\u5e8a\u8bc1\u636e\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u75be\u75c5\u3001\u7ed3\u679c\u8bc4\u4f30\u3001\u60a3\u8005\u76d1\u6d4b\u3001\u60a3\u8005\u7279\u5f81\u4ee5\u53ca\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3001\u5b9e\u65bd\u548c\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u3002FDA \u4f1a\u572860 \u4e2a\u65e5\u5386\u65e5\u5185\u544a\u77e5\u4f01\u4e1a\u662f\u5426\u6388\u4e88\u518d\u751f\u533b\u5b66\u5148\u8fdb\u7597\u6cd5\u8ba4\u5b9a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u7814\u53d1\u540e\u671f\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u8be5\u4ea7\u54c1\u4e0d\u518d\u7b26\u5408\u518d\u751f\u533b\u5b66\u5148\u8fdb\u7597\u6cd5\u8ba4\u5b9a\uff0cFDA \u4f1a\u53d6\u6d88\u8be5\u8ba4\u5b9a^{[1]<\/sup>\u3002\n <\/p>\n<\/section>\n}
\n
\n \n <\/p>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\n 2.5.2 \u7533\u8bf7\u8ba4\u5b9a\u60c5\u51b5<\/strong>\n <\/p>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\n \n <\/p>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\n \u518d\u751f\u533b\u5b66\u5148\u8fdb\u7597\u6cd5\u8ba4\u5b9a\u4e8e2016 \u5e7412 \u670813 \u65e5\u5f00\u59cb\u5b9e\u65bd\uff0c\u57282017~2020 \u5e74\u671f\u95f4\uff0c \u5171\u6709149 \u4e2a\u518d\u751f\u533b\u5b66\u5148\u8fdb\u7597\u6cd5\u8ba4\u5b9a\u7684\u7533\u8bf7\uff0c2017~2020 \u5e74\u7684\u7533\u8bf7\u6570\u5206\u522b\u4e3a31\u300147\u300137\u300134 \u4e2a\uff0c\u5171\u670958 \u4e2a\u83b7\u5f97\u6388\u4e88\u8ba4\u5b9a\uff0c\u5e73\u5747\u6388\u4e88\u7387\u4e3a39%\u3002\u6bcf\u5e74\u7684\u6388\u4e88\u8ba4\u5b9a\u3001\u62d2\u7edd\u8ba4\u5b9a\u3001\u64a4\u56de\u8ba4\u5b9a\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u8be6\u89c1\u56fe1^{[5]<\/sup>\u3002\u5c1a\u672a\u6709\u8ba4\u5b9a\u88abFDA \u64a4\u9500\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\n <\/p>\n}
\n \n <\/p>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\n $\"\u56fe\u7247\"$ \n <\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\n \n <\/p>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\n \u622a\u81f32018 \u5e744 \u6708\uff0c \u83b7\u5f97\u518d\u751f\u533b\u5b66\u5148\u8fdb\u7597\u6cd5\u8ba4\u5b9a\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u4e5f\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u5176\u4ed6\u81f3\u5c11\u4e00\u79cd\u52a0\u5feb\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u652f\u6301\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u8be5\u8ba4\u5b9a\u7684\u4e34\u5e8a\u8bc1\u636e\u5305\u542b\u4ece\u2160 \/ \u2161\u671f\u4e34\u5e8a\u8bd5\u9a8c\u7684\u4e2d\u671f\u5206\u6790\u6570\u636e\u3001\u5df2\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u2161\u671f\u4e34\u5e8a\u8bd5\u9a8c\u3001\u6b63\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u2161 \/ \u2162\u671f\u4e34\u5e8a\u8bd5\u9a8c\u3001\u5df2\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u2162\u671f\u4e34\u5e8a\u8bd5\u9a8c\u7b49\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u591a\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5^{[6]<\/sup>\u3002\n <\/p>\n}
\n \n <\/p>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\n $\"\u56fe\u7247\"$ \n <\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\n \n <\/p>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n 3 \u6211\u56fd\u52a0\u5feb\u836f\u54c1\u6ce8\u518c\u7684\u653f\u7b56<\/strong>\n <\/p>\n <\/section>\n <\/section>\n <\/section>\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n \n <\/p>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\n 3.1 \u539f\u6709\u7684\u52a0\u5feb\u653f\u7b56<\/strong>\n <\/p>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\n \n <\/p>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\n \u6211\u56fd\u66fe\u53d1\u5e03\u591a\u4e2a\u52a0\u5feb\u836f\u54c1\u6ce8\u518c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u65b0\u836f\u6ce8\u518c\u7684\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u4ee5\u52a0\u5f3a\u7814\u5236\u6307\u5bfc\u548c\u7f29\u77ed\u836f\u54c1\u6ce8\u518c\u65f6\u9650\u3002\n <\/p>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\n \n <\/p>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\n 2005 \u5e74\uff0c\u300a\u56fd\u5bb6\u98df\u54c1\u836f\u54c1\u76d1\u7763\u7ba1\u7406\u5c40\u836f\u54c1\u7279\u522b\u5ba1\u6279\u7a0b\u5e8f\u300b\u53d1\u5e03\uff0c\u5e76\u6307\u51fa\u5b58\u5728\u53d1\u751f\u7a81\u53d1\u516c\u5171\u536b\u751f\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u5a01\u80c1\u65f6\u4ee5\u53ca\u7a81\u53d1\u516c\u5171\u536b\u751f\u4e8b\u4ef6\u53d1\u751f\u540e\uff0c\u4e3a\u4f7f\u7a81\u53d1\u516c\u5171\u536b\u751f\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5e94\u6025\u6240\u9700\u9632\u6cbb\u836f\u54c1\u5c3d\u5feb\u83b7\u5f97\u6279\u51c6\uff0c\u5bf9\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7a81\u53d1\u516c\u5171\u536b\u751f\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5e94\u6025\u6240\u9700\u9632\u6cbb\u836f\u54c1\u5b9e\u884c\u7279\u522b\u5ba1\u6279\uff1a\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u4e3b\u5e2d\u5ba3\u5e03\u8fdb\u5165\u7d27\u6025\u72b6\u6001\u6216\u8005\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u51b3\u5b9a\u7701\u3001\u81ea\u6cbb\u533a\u3001\u76f4\u8f96\u5e02\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u90e8\u5206\u5730\u533a\u8fdb\u5165\u7d27\u6025\u72b6\u6001\u65f6\uff1b\u7a81\u53d1\u516c\u5171\u536b\u751f\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5e94\u6025\u5904\u7406\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4f9d\u6cd5\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\uff1b\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u836f\u54c1\u50a8\u5907\u90e8\u95e8\u548c\u536b\u751f\u884c\u653f\u4e3b\u7ba1\u90e8\u95e8\u63d0\u51fa\u5bf9\u5df2\u6709\u56fd\u5bb6\u6807\u51c6\u836f\u54c1\u5b9e\u884c\u7279\u522b\u5ba1\u6279\u7684\u5efa\u8bae\u65f6\uff1b\u5176\u4ed6\u9700\u8981\u5b9e\u884c\u7279\u522b\u5ba1\u6279\u7684\u60c5\u5f62^{[7]<\/sup>\u3002\u5728\u836f\u54c1\u6ce8\u518c\u7533\u8bf7\u53d7\u7406\u3001\u73b0\u573a\u6838\u67e5\u3001\u6ce8\u518c\u68c0\u9a8c\u3001\u6280\u672f\u5ba1\u8bc4\u3001\u4e34\u5e8a\u8bd5\u9a8c\u3001\u884c\u653f\u5ba1\u6279\u7b49\u5404\u4e2a\u73af\u8282\u79ef\u6781\u6307\u5bfc\uff0c\u5c3d\u529b\u7f29\u77ed\u65f6\u9650\u3002\n <\/p>\n<\/section>\n}
\n
\n \n <\/p>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\n 2009 \u5e74\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u9f13\u52b1\u7814\u7a76\u521b\u5236\u65b0\u836f\u548c\u52a0\u5f3a\u98ce\u9669\u63a7\u5236\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u539f\u56fd\u5bb6\u98df\u54c1\u836f\u54c1\u76d1\u7763\u7ba1\u7406\u5c40\u5236\u5b9a\u4e86\u300a\u65b0\u836f\u6ce8\u518c\u7279\u6b8a\u5ba1\u6279\u7ba1\u7406\u89c4\u5b9a\u300b\uff0c\u5bf9\u7b26\u5408\u4e0b\u5217\u60c5\u5f62\u7684\u65b0\u836f\u6ce8\u518c\u7533\u8bf7\u5b9e\u884c\u7279\u6b8a\u5ba1\u6279\uff1a\u672a\u5728\u56fd\u5185\u4e0a\u5e02\u9500\u552e\u7684\u4ece\u690d\u7269\u3001\u52a8\u7269\u3001\u77ff\u7269\u7b49\u7269\u8d28\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6210\u4efd\u53ca\u5176\u5236\u5242\uff0c\u65b0\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u836f\u6750\u53ca\u5176\u5236\u5242\uff1b\u672a\u5728\u56fd\u5185\u5916\u83b7\u51c6\u4e0a\u5e02\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u539f\u6599\u836f\u53ca\u5176\u5236\u5242\u3001\u751f\u7269\u5236\u54c1\uff1b\u6cbb\u7597\u827e\u6ecb\u75c5\u3001\u6076\u6027\u80bf\u7624\u3001\u7f55\u89c1\u75c5\u7b49\u75be\u75c5\u4e14\u5177\u6709\u660e\u663e\u4e34\u5e8a\u6cbb\u7597\u4f18\u52bf\u7684\u65b0\u836f\uff1b\u6cbb\u7597\u5c1a\u65e0\u6709\u6548\u6cbb\u7597\u624b\u6bb5\u7684\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u65b0\u836f^{[8]<\/sup>\u3002\u7279\u6b8a\u5ba1\u6279\u653f\u7b56\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u836f\u54c1\u8865\u5145\u8d44\u6599\u7684\u6e20\u9053\uff0c\u9664\u5e38\u89c4\u7684\u8865\u5145\u8d44\u6599\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u65b0\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u91cd\u5927\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u4fe1\u606f\u3001\u6839\u636e\u5ba1\u8bc4\u4f1a\u8bae\u8981\u6c42\u51c6\u5907\u7684\u8d44\u6599\u3001\u6c9f\u901a\u4ea4\u6d41\u6240\u9700\u7684\u8d44\u6599\u7b49\u8865\u5145\u65b0\u7684\u6280\u672f\u8d44\u6599\uff1b\u8865\u5145\u8d44\u6599\u7684\u65f6\u957f\u7531\u5e38\u89c4\u76844 \u4e2a\u6708\u5ef6\u957f\u81f38 \u4e2a\u6708\uff1b\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u6c9f\u901a\u4ea4\u6d41\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\uff1a\u7533\u8bf7\u4eba\u5728\u5b8c\u6210\u67d0\u4e00\u9636\u6bb5\u4e34\u5e8a\u8bd5\u9a8c\u53ca\u603b\u7ed3\u8bc4\u4f30\u540e\uff0c\u53ef\u5c31\u91cd\u5927\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u95ee\u9898\u3001\u4e34\u5e8a\u8bd5\u9a8c\u65b9\u6848\u3001\u9636\u6bb5\u6027\u4e34\u5e8a\u8bd5\u9a8c\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u603b\u7ed3\u4e0e\u8bc4\u4ef7\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\u5411\u836f\u54c1\u5ba1\u8bc4\u4e2d\u5fc3\u63d0\u51fa\u6c9f\u901a\u4ea4\u6d41\u7533\u8bf7\u3002\n <\/p>\n<\/section>\n}
\n
\n \n <\/p>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\n 2015 \u5e74\u53d1\u5e03\u7684\u300a\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u5173\u4e8e\u6539\u9769\u836f\u54c1\u533b\u7597\u5668\u68b0\u5ba1\u8bc4\u5ba1\u6279\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u610f\u89c1\u300b\u4e2d\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u5bf9\u521b\u65b0\u836f\u5b9e\u884c\u7279\u6b8a\u5ba1\u8bc4\u5ba1\u6279\u5236\u5ea6\u3002\u52a0\u5feb\u5ba1\u8bc4\u5ba1\u6279\u9632\u6cbb\u827e\u6ecb\u75c5\u3001\u6076\u6027\u80bf\u7624\u3001\u91cd\u5927\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5\u3001\u7f55\u89c1\u75c5\u7b49\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u521b\u65b0\u836f\uff0c\u5217\u5165\u56fd\u5bb6\u79d1\u6280\u91cd\u5927\u4e13\u9879\u548c\u56fd\u5bb6\u91cd\u70b9\u7814\u53d1\u8ba1\u5212\u7684\u836f\u54c1\uff0c\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u5883\u5185\u751f\u4ea7\u7684\u521b\u65b0\u836f\u548c\u513f\u7ae5\u7528\u836f\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4f7f\u7528\u5148\u8fdb\u5236\u5242\u6280\u672f\u3001\u521b\u65b0\u6cbb\u7597\u624b\u6bb5\u3001\u5177\u6709\u660e\u663e\u6cbb\u7597\u4f18\u52bf\u7684\u521b\u65b0\u836f\u3002\u52a0\u5feb\u4e34\u5e8a\u6025\u9700\u65b0\u836f\u7684\u5ba1\u8bc4\u5ba1\u6279\u7b49^{[9]<\/sup>\u3002\n <\/p>\n<\/section>\n}
\n
\n \n <\/p>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\n 2016 \u5e74\u548c2017 \u5e74\uff0c\u539f\u56fd\u5bb6\u98df\u54c1\u836f\u54c1\u76d1\u7763\u7ba1\u7406\u603b\u5c40\u5206\u522b\u53d1\u5e03\u4e86\u300a\u603b\u5c40\u5173\u4e8e\u89e3\u51b3\u836f\u54c1\u6ce8\u518c\u7533\u8bf7\u79ef\u538b\u5b9e\u884c\u4f18\u5148\u5ba1\u8bc4\u5ba1\u6279\u7684\u610f\u89c1\u300b^{[10]<\/sup>\u548c\u300a\u603b\u5c40\u5173\u4e8e\u9f13\u52b1\u836f\u54c1\u521b\u65b0\u5b9e\u884c\u4f18\u5148\u5ba1\u8bc4\u5ba1\u6279\u7684\u610f\u89c1\u300b^{[11]<\/sup>\uff0c\u5bf9\u5177\u6709\u660e\u663e\u4e34\u5e8a\u4ef7\u503c\u4e14\u7b26\u5408\u4ee5\u4e0b\u60c5\u5f62\u7684\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u884c\u4f18\u5148\u5ba1\u8bc4\u5ba1\u6279\uff1a\u672a\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u5883\u5185\u5916\u4e0a\u5e02\u9500\u552e\u7684\u521b\u65b0\u836f\u6ce8\u518c\u7533\u8bf7\uff1b\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u4e2d\u56fd\u5883\u5185\u751f\u4ea7\u7684\u521b\u65b0\u836f\u6ce8\u518c\u7533\u8bf7\uff1b\u4f7f\u7528\u5148\u8fdb\u5236\u5242\u6280\u672f\u3001\u521b\u65b0\u6cbb\u7597\u624b\u6bb5\u3001\u5177\u6709\u660e\u663e\u6cbb\u7597\u4f18\u52bf\u7684\u836f\u54c1\u6ce8\u518c\u7533\u8bf7\uff1b\u4e13\u5229\u5230\u671f\u524d3 \u5e74\u7684\u836f\u54c1\u4e34\u5e8a\u8bd5\u9a8c\u7533\u8bf7\u548c\u4e13\u5229\u5230\u671f\u524d1 \u5e74\u7684\u836f\u54c1\u751f\u4ea7\u7533\u8bf7\uff1b\u7533\u8bf7\u4eba\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u3001\u6b27\u76df\u540c\u6b65\u7533\u8bf7\u5e76\u83b7\u51c6\u5f00\u5c55\u836f\u7269\u4e34\u5e8a\u8bd5\u9a8c\u7684\u65b0\u836f\u4e34\u5e8a\u8bd5\u9a8c\u7533\u8bf7\uff1b\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u5883\u5185\u7528\u540c\u4e00\u751f\u4ea7\u7ebf\u751f\u4ea7\u5e76\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u3001\u6b27\u76df\u836f\u54c1\u5ba1\u6279\u673a\u6784\u540c\u6b65\u7533\u8bf7\u4e0a\u5e02\u4e14\u901a\u8fc7\u4e86\u5176\u73b0\u573a\u68c0\u67e5\u7684\u836f\u54c1\u6ce8\u518c\u7533\u8bf7\uff1b\u5728\u91cd\u5927\u75be\u75c5\u9632\u6cbb\u4e2d\u5177\u6709\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u4e34\u5e8a\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7684\u4e2d\u836f\uff08\u542b\u6c11\u65cf\u836f\uff09\u6ce8\u518c\u7533\u8bf7\uff1b\u5217\u5165\u56fd\u5bb6\u79d1\u6280\u91cd\u5927\u4e13\u9879\u6216\u56fd\u5bb6\u91cd\u70b9\u7814\u53d1\u8ba1\u5212\u7684\u65b0\u836f\u6ce8\u518c\u7533\u8bf7\uff1b\u4ee5\u53ca\u9632\u6cbb\u827e\u6ecb\u75c5\u3001\u80ba\u7ed3\u6838\u3001\u75c5\u6bd2\u6027\u809d\u708e\u3001\u7f55\u89c1\u75c5\u3001\u6076\u6027\u80bf\u7624\u3001\u513f\u7ae5\u7528\u836f\u54c1\u3001\u8001\u5e74\u4eba\u7279\u6709\u548c\u591a\u53d1\u7684\u75be\u75c5\u4e14\u5177\u6709\u660e\u663e\u4e34\u5e8a\u4f18\u52bf\u7684\u836f\u54c1\u6ce8\u518c\u7533\u8bf7\uff1b\u4e34\u5e8a\u6025\u9700\u3001\u5e02\u573a\u77ed\u7f3a\u7684\u836f\u54c1\u6ce8\u518c\u7533\u8bf7\u7b49\u3002\u5bf9\u5217\u5165\u4f18\u5148\u5ba1\u8bc4\u5ba1\u6279\u7684\u836f\u54c1\u6ce8\u518c\u7533\u8bf7\uff0c\u4f18\u5148\u914d\u7f6e\u8d44\u6e90\u8fdb\u884c\u6280\u672f\u5ba1\u8bc4\u3001\u6c9f\u901a\u4ea4\u6d41\u3001\u73b0\u573a\u6838\u67e5\u3001\u836f\u54c1\u68c0\u9a8c\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd8\u63d0\u5230\u4e86\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7f55\u89c1\u75c5\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u7279\u6b8a\u75c5\u79cd\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u7533\u62a5\u4e34\u5e8a\u8bd5\u9a8c\u65f6\u63d0\u51fa\u51cf\u5c11\u4e34\u5e8a\u8bd5\u9a8c\u75c5\u4f8b\u6570\u6216\u8005\u514d\u505a\u4e34\u5e8a\u8bd5\u9a8c\u7684\u7533\u8bf7\uff1b\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6cbb\u7597\u4e25\u91cd\u5371\u53ca\u751f\u547d\u7684\u75be\u75c5\u4e14\u5c1a\u65e0\u6709\u6548\u6cbb\u7597\u624b\u6bb5\u3001\u5bf9\u89e3\u51b3\u4e34\u5e8a\u9700\u6c42\u5177\u6709\u91cd\u5927\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u65b0\u836f\uff0c\u82e5\u6839\u636e\u65e9\u671f\u4e34\u5e8a\u8bd5\u9a8c\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u53ef\u5408\u7406\u9884\u6d4b\u6216\u5224\u65ad\u5176\u4e34\u5e8a\u83b7\u76ca\u4e14\u8f83\u73b0\u6709\u6cbb\u7597\u624b\u6bb5\u5177\u6709\u660e\u663e\u4f18\u52bf\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u5728\u5b8c\u6210\u2162\u671f\u786e\u8bc1\u6027\u4e34\u5e8a\u8bd5\u9a8c\u524d\u6709\u6761\u4ef6\u6279\u51c6\u4e0a\u5e02\u3002\u5185\u5bb9\u4e0e\u524d\u6587\u57fa\u672c\u76f8\u540c\u3002\n <\/p>\n<\/section>\n}}
\n
\n \n <\/p>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\n \u968f\u7740\u836f\u54c1\u5ba1\u8bc4\u5ba1\u6279\u5236\u5ea6\u6539\u9769\u7684\u63a8\u8fdb\uff0c\u52a0\u5feb\u836f\u54c1\u6ce8\u518c\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d1\u5e03\u548c\u5b8c\u5584\uff0c\u5148\u540e\u5355\u72ec\u53d1\u5e03\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u9488\u5bf9\u591a\u79cd\u60c5\u5f62\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u52a0\u5feb\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u9f13\u52b1\u4e86\u836f\u54c1\u7814\u53d1\u548c\u521b\u65b0\uff0c\u4f46\u591a\u9879\u653f\u7b56\u6d89\u53ca\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u5b58\u5728\u4e92\u76f8\u91cd\u53e0\u73b0\u8c61^{[10-11]<\/sup>\u3002\n <\/p>\n<\/section>\n}
\n
\n \n <\/p>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\n 3.2 \u65b0\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6cd5\u89c4\u6846\u67b6\u4e0b\u7684\u52a0\u5feb\u653f\u7b56<\/strong>\n <\/p>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\n \n <\/p>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\n 2019 \u5e7412 \u67081 \u65e5\u5b9e\u65bd\u7684\u65b0\u4fee\u8ba2\u300a\u836f\u54c1\u7ba1\u7406\u6cd5\u300b\u4e2d\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u91c7\u53d6\u6709\u6548\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u9f13\u52b1\u513f\u7ae5\u7528\u836f\u54c1\u7684\u7814\u5236\u548c\u521b\u65b0\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u5f00\u53d1\u7b26\u5408\u513f\u7ae5\u751f\u7406\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u513f\u7ae5\u7528\u836f\u54c1\u65b0\u54c1\u79cd\u3001\u5242\u578b\u548c\u89c4\u683c\uff0c\u5bf9\u513f\u7ae5\u7528\u836f\u54c1\u4e88\u4ee5\u4f18\u5148\u5ba1\u8bc4\u5ba1\u6279\uff1b\u56fd\u5bb6\u9f13\u52b1\u77ed\u7f3a\u836f\u54c1\u7684\u7814\u5236\u548c\u751f\u4ea7\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e34\u5e8a\u6025\u9700\u7684\u77ed\u7f3a\u836f\u54c1\u3001\u9632\u6cbb\u91cd\u5927\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5\u548c\u7f55\u89c1\u75c5\u7b49\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u65b0\u836f\u4e88\u4ee5\u4f18\u5148\u5ba1\u8bc4\u5ba1\u6279^{[12]<\/sup>\u3002\u5c06\u5bf9\u513f\u7ae5\u7528\u836f\u3001\u4e34\u5e8a\u6025\u9700\u7528\u836f\u3001\u9632\u6cbb\u91cd\u5927\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5\u548c\u7f55\u89c1\u75c5\u7528\u836f\u7b49\u7684\u9f13\u52b1\u653f\u7b56\u5199\u5165\u6cd5\u5f8b\u3002\n <\/p>\n<\/section>\n}
\n
\n \n <\/p>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\n 2020 \u5e747 \u67081 \u65e5\u5b9e\u65bd\u7684\u300a\u836f\u54c1\u6ce8\u518c\u7ba1\u7406\u529e\u6cd5\u300b\u603b\u7ed3\u4e86\u65e2\u5f80\u52a0\u5feb\u836f\u54c1\u6ce8\u518c\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u5b9e\u65bd\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u91cd\u65b0\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e86\u52a0\u5feb\u836f\u54c1\u6ce8\u518c\u7684\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e14\u5168\u9762\u5730\u8986\u76d6\u4e86\u836f\u54c1\u6ce8\u518c\u7684\u591a\u79cd\u60c5\u5f62\u3002\u660e\u786e\u4e86\u4e3a\u652f\u6301\u4ee5\u4e34\u5e8a\u4ef7\u503c\u4e3a\u5bfc\u5411\u7684\u836f\u7269\u521b\u65b0\uff0c\u7533\u8bf7\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u7533\u8bf7\u9002\u7528\u7a81\u7834\u6027\u6cbb\u7597\u836f\u7269\u3001\u9644\u6761\u4ef6\u6279\u51c6\u3001\u4f18\u5148\u5ba1\u8bc4\u5ba1\u6279\u53ca\u7279\u522b\u5ba1\u6279\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u5728\u836f\u54c1\u7814\u5236\u548c\u6ce8\u518c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u836f\u54c1\u76d1\u7ba1\u90e8\u95e8\u53ca\u5176\u4e13\u4e1a\u6280\u672f\u673a\u6784\u7ed9\u4e88\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u6280\u672f\u6307\u5bfc\u3001\u6c9f\u901a\u4ea4\u6d41\u3001\u4f18\u5148\u914d\u7f6e\u8d44\u6e90\u3001\u7f29\u77ed\u5ba1\u8bc4\u65f6\u9650\u7b49\u653f\u7b56\u548c\u6280\u672f\u652f\u6301\u3002\n <\/p>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\n \n <\/p>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\n \u836f\u7269\u4e34\u5e8a\u8bd5\u9a8c\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u9632\u6cbb\u4e25\u91cd\u5371\u53ca\u751f\u547d\u6216\u8005\u4e25\u91cd\u5f71\u54cd\u751f\u5b58\u8d28\u91cf\u7684\u75be\u75c5\uff0c\u4e14\u5c1a\u65e0\u6709\u6548\u9632\u6cbb\u624b\u6bb5\u6216\u8005\u4e0e\u73b0\u6709\u6cbb\u7597\u624b\u6bb5\u76f8\u6bd4\u6709\u8db3\u591f\u8bc1\u636e\u8868\u660e\u5177\u6709\u660e\u663e\u4e34\u5e8a\u4f18\u52bf\u7684\u521b\u65b0\u836f\u6216\u8005\u6539\u826f\u578b\u65b0\u836f\u7b49\uff0c\u7533\u8bf7\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u7533\u8bf7\u9002\u7528\u7a81\u7834\u6027\u6cbb\u7597\u836f\u7269\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u5bf9\u7eb3\u5165\u7a81\u7834\u6027\u6cbb\u7597\u836f\u7269\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u836f\u7269\u4e34\u5e8a\u8bd5\u9a8c\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u6c9f\u901a\u4ea4\u6d41\u548c\u57fa\u4e8e\u5df2\u6709\u9636\u6bb5\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u8d44\u6599\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6307\u5bfc\u3002\n <\/p>\n<\/section>\n
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\n \n <\/p>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\n \u6cbb\u7597\u4e25\u91cd\u5371\u53ca\u751f\u547d\u4e14\u5c1a\u65e0\u6709\u6548\u6cbb\u7597\u624b\u6bb5\u7684\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u836f\u54c1\u3001\u516c\u5171\u536b\u751f\u65b9\u9762\u6025\u9700\u7684\u836f\u54c1\u3001\u5e94\u5bf9\u91cd\u5927\u7a81\u53d1\u516c\u5171\u536b\u751f\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6025\u9700\u7684\u75ab\u82d7\u6216\u8005\u56fd\u5bb6\u536b\u751f\u5065\u5eb7\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u8ba4\u5b9a\u6025\u9700\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u75ab\u82d7\uff0c\u5728\u7b26\u5408\u76f8\u5e94\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u597d\u98ce\u9669\u7ba1\u7406\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u9644\u6761\u4ef6\u6279\u51c6\u4e0a\u5e02\uff0c\u5b8c\u6210\u76f8\u5e94\u6761\u4ef6\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u540e\uff0c\u518d\u7533\u8bf7\u5e38\u89c4\u4e0a\u5e02\u3002\n <\/p>\n<\/section>\n
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\n \n <\/p>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\n \u5177\u6709\u660e\u663e\u4e34\u5e8a\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u7b26\u5408\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u836f\u54c1\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7533\u8bf7\u9002\u7528\u4f18\u5148\u5ba1\u8bc4\u5ba1\u6279\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff1a\u4e34\u5e8a\u6025\u9700\u7684\u77ed\u7f3a\u836f\u54c1\u3001\u9632\u6cbb\u91cd\u5927\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5\u548c\u7f55\u89c1\u75c5\u7b49\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u521b\u65b0\u836f\u548c\u6539\u826f\u578b\u65b0\u836f\uff1b\u7b26\u5408\u513f\u7ae5\u751f\u7406\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u513f\u7ae5\u7528\u836f\u54c1\u65b0\u54c1\u79cd\u3001\u5242\u578b\u548c\u89c4\u683c\uff1b\u75be\u75c5\u9884\u9632\u3001\u63a7\u5236\u6025\u9700\u7684\u75ab\u82d7\u548c\u521b\u65b0\u75ab\u82d7\uff1b\u7eb3\u5165\u7a81\u7834\u6027\u6cbb\u7597\u836f\u7269\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u836f\u54c1\uff1b\u7b26\u5408\u9644\u6761\u4ef6\u6279\u51c6\u7684\u836f\u54c1\uff1b\u56fd\u5bb6\u836f\u54c1\u76d1\u7763\u7ba1\u7406\u5c40\u89c4\u5b9a\u5176\u4ed6\u4f18\u5148\u5ba1\u8bc4\u5ba1\u6279\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\u3002\u5bf9\u5217\u5165\u4f18\u5148\u5ba1\u8bc4\u5ba1\u6279\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u836f\u54c1\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u6cbb\u7597\u7f55\u89c1\u75c5\u7684\u836f\u54c1\u7f29\u77ed\u4e86\u6280\u672f\u5ba1\u8bc4\u65f6\u9650\uff0c\u4e14\u4f18\u5148\u5b89\u6392\u6838\u67e5\u3001\u68c0\u9a8c\u548c\u6838\u51c6\u836f\u54c1\u901a\u7528\u540d\u79f0\uff0c\u7ecf\u6c9f\u901a\u4ea4\u6d41\u786e\u8ba4\u540e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8865\u5145\u63d0\u4ea4\u6280\u672f\u8d44\u6599\u3002\n <\/p>\n<\/section>\n
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\n \n <\/p>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\n \u5728\u53d1\u751f\u7a81\u53d1\u516c\u5171\u536b\u751f\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u5a01\u80c1\u65f6\u4ee5\u53ca\u7a81\u53d1\u516c\u5171\u536b\u751f\u4e8b\u4ef6\u53d1\u751f\u540e\uff0c\u5bf9\u7a81\u53d1\u516c\u5171\u536b\u751f\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5e94\u6025\u6240\u9700\u9632\u6cbb\u836f\u54c1\u5b9e\u884c\u7279\u522b\u5ba1\u6279\u3002\u52a0\u5feb\u5e76\u540c\u6b65\u5f00\u5c55\u836f\u54c1\u6ce8\u518c\u53d7\u7406\u3001\u5ba1\u8bc4\u3001\u6838\u67e5\u3001\u68c0\u9a8c\u5de5\u4f5c^{[13]<\/sup>\u3002\n <\/p>\n<\/section>\n}
\n
\n \n <\/p>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\n $\"\u56fe\u7247\"$ \n <\/section>\n<\/section>\n
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\n \n <\/p>\n<\/section>\n
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\n 4 \u7ed3\u8bed<\/strong>\n <\/p>\n <\/section>\n <\/section>\n <\/section>\n
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\n \n <\/p>\n<\/section>\n
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\n \u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u79d1\u5b66\u6280\u672f\u7684\u8fdb\u6b65\u548c\u6211\u56fd\u79d1\u7814\u6295\u5165\u7684\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u7ec6\u80de\u548c\u57fa\u56e0\u6cbb\u7597\u4ea7\u54c1\u7b49\u521b\u65b0\u6027\u751f\u7269\u7597\u6cd5\u57fa\u7840\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u4e34\u5e8a\u5e94\u7528\u4e0d\u65ad\u8fdb\u5c55\u3002\u6211\u56fd\u836f\u54c1\u76d1\u7ba1\u90e8\u95e8\u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u836f\u54c1\u76d1\u7ba1\u79d1\u5b66\u884c\u52a8\u8ba1\u5212\u201d\u7b49\u591a\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u52a0\u5f3a\u4e0e\u9ad8\u6821\u3001\u79d1\u7814\u9662\u6240\u548c\u76f8\u5173\u4f01\u4e1a\u7b49\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u548c\u4e92\u52a8\uff0c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5236\u5b9a\u4e86\u300a\u7ec6\u80de\u6cbb\u7597\u4ea7\u54c1\u7814\u7a76\u4e0e\u8bc4\u4ef7\u6280\u672f\u6307\u5bfc\u539f\u5219\uff08\u8bd5\u884c\uff09\u300b^{[14]<\/sup>\u3001\u300a\u514d\u75ab\u7ec6\u80de\u6cbb\u7597\u4ea7\u54c1\u4e34\u5e8a\u8bd5\u9a8c\u6280\u672f\u6307\u5bfc\u539f\u5219\uff08\u5f81\u6c42\u610f\u89c1\u7a3f\uff09\u300b^{[15]<\/sup>\u3001\u300a\u4eba\u6e90\u6027\u5e72\u7ec6\u80de\u53ca\u5176\u884d\u751f\u7ec6\u80de\u6cbb\u7597\u4ea7\u54c1\u4e34\u5e8a\u8bd5\u9a8c\u6280\u672f\u6307\u5bfc\u539f\u5219\uff08\u5f81\u6c42\u610f\u89c1\u7a3f\uff09\u300b^{[16]<\/sup>\u3001\u300a\u6eb6\u7624\u75c5\u6bd2\u7c7b\u836f\u7269\u4e34\u5e8a\u8bd5\u9a8c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6307\u5bfc\u539f\u5219\uff08\u5f81\u6c42\u610f\u89c1\u7a3f\uff09\u300b^{[17]<\/sup>\u3001\u300a\u514d\u75ab\u7ec6\u80de\u6cbb\u7597\u4ea7\u54c1\u836f\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4e0e\u8bc4\u4ef7\u6280\u672f\u6307\u5bfc\u539f\u5219\uff08\u5f81\u6c42\u610f\u89c1\u7a3f\uff09\u300b^{[18]<\/sup>\u3001\u300a\u57fa\u56e0\u8f6c\u5bfc\u4e0e\u4fee\u9970\u7cfb\u7edf\u836f\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4e0e\u8bc4\u4ef7\u6280\u672f\u6307\u5bfc\u539f\u5219\uff08\u5f81\u6c42\u610f\u89c1\u7a3f\uff09\u300b^{[19]<\/sup>\u7b49\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u76f8\u5173\u6307\u5bfc\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\n <\/p>\n<\/section>\n}}}}}}
\n
\n \n <\/p>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\n \u4ea7\u54c1\u7814\u53d1\u7684\u8fdb\u5c55\u3001\u56fd\u5916\u7ec6\u80de\u548c\u57fa\u56e0\u6cbb\u7597\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u76f8\u7ee7\u6279\u51c6\u4e0a\u5e02\u4ee5\u53ca\u6307\u5bfc\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u51fa\u53f0\uff0c\u52a9\u63a8\u4e86\u4f01\u4e1a\u6309\u7167\u836f\u54c1\u6ce8\u518c\u7533\u62a5\u7ec6\u80de\u548c\u57fa\u56e0\u6cbb\u7597\u4ea7\u54c1\u30022017~2020 \u5e74\u5171\u6279\u51c6\u4e8658 \u4e2a\u7ec6\u80de\u548c\u57fa\u56e0\u6cbb\u7597\u4ea7\u54c1\u5f00\u5c55\u4e34\u5e8a\u8bd5\u9a8c\uff0c\u6570\u91cf\u9010\u5e74\u589e\u52a0\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u514d\u75ab\u7ec6\u80de\u6cbb\u7597\u4ea7\u54c136 \u4e2a\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u5d4c\u5408\u6297\u539f\u53d7\u4f53T \u7ec6\u80de\uff0c\u6b64\u5916\u8fd8\u6709\u53cc\u9634\u6027T \u7ec6\u80de\u3001\u6297\u539f\u81f4\u654f\u7684\u514d\u75ab\u7ec6\u80de\u7b49\uff1b\u5e72\u7ec6\u80de\u4ea7\u54c115 \u4e2a\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u8110\u5e26\u3001\u8102\u80aa\u3001\u9aa8\u9ad3\u3001\u7259\u9ad3\u6765\u6e90\u7684\u95f4\u5145\u8d28\u5e72\u7ec6\u80de\u7b49\uff1b\u57fa\u56e0\u6cbb\u7597\u4ea7\u54c1\u5305\u62ec\u6eb6\u7624\u75c5\u6bd2\u4ea7\u54c1\u51717 \u4e2a\uff0c\u6d89\u53ca\u7684\u8f7d\u4f53\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u75b1\u75b9\u75c5\u6bd2\u3001\u75d8\u82d7\u75c5\u6bd2\u3001\u817a\u76f8\u5173\u75c5\u6bd2\u3001\u8d28\u7c92\u7b49\u3002\n <\/p>\n<\/section>\n
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\n \n <\/p>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\n \u6211\u56fd\u7ec6\u80de\u548c\u57fa\u56e0\u6cbb\u7597\u4ea7\u54c1\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u836f\u54c1\u4e00\u6837\u9002\u7528\u65b0\u4fee\u8ba2\u300a\u836f\u54c1\u6ce8\u518c\u7ba1\u7406\u529e\u6cd5\u300b\u4e2d\u76844 \u79cd\u52a0\u5feb\u6ce8\u518c\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4e13\u95e8\u9488\u5bf9\u8be5\u7c7b\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u653f\u7b56\u3002\u622a\u81f32021 \u5e742 \u670826 \u65e5\uff0c\u5171\u67095 \u4e2a\u4ea7\u54c1\u7eb3\u5165\u7a81\u7834\u6027\u6cbb\u7597\u836f\u7269^{[20]<\/sup>\uff0c\u5171\u67092 \u4e2a\u4ea7\u54c1\u7eb3\u5165\u4f18\u5148\u5ba1\u8bc4\u5ba1\u6279^{[21]<\/sup>\u3002\u8be5\u7c7b\u4ea7\u54c1\u4ece\u57fa\u7840\u7814\u53d1\u5230\u4e34\u5e8a\u5e94\u7528\u5386\u65f6\u8f83\u77ed\uff0c\u4e14\u79d1\u6280\u8fdb\u5c55\u65e5\u65b0\u6708\u5f02\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u6ce8\u518c\u7533\u62a5\u524d\u548c\u5f00\u5c55\u4e34\u5e8a\u8bd5\u9a8c\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u76d1\u7ba1\u673a\u6784\u4e0e\u4f01\u4e1a\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u6c9f\u901a\u4ea4\u6d41\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u6784\u5efa\u591a\u6e20\u9053\u3001\u591a\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u6c9f\u901a\u4ea4\u6d41\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u9f13\u52b1\u521b\u65b0\u836f\u7684\u7814\u53d1\u548c\u7533\u62a5\uff0c\u52a0\u5feb\u836f\u54c1\u4e0a\u5e02\u6b65\u4f10\u3002\u65b0\u4fee\u8ba2\u300a\u836f\u7269\u7814\u53d1\u4e0e\u6280\u672f\u5ba1\u8bc4\u6c9f\u901a\u4ea4\u6d41\u7ba1\u7406\u529e\u6cd5\u300b^{[22] <\/sup>\u4e2d\u5df2\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u9488\u5bf9\u7a81\u7834\u6027\u6cbb\u7597\u836f\u7269\u3001\u9644\u6761\u4ef6\u6279\u51c6\u548c\u4f18\u5148\u5ba1\u8bc4\u5ba1\u6279\u7b49\u7684\u6c9f\u901a\u4ea4\u6d41\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5177\u4f53\u4ea7\u54c1\u548c\u5177\u4f53\u95ee\u9898\u5177\u4f53\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u5171\u540c\u63a8\u52a8\u4e34\u5e8a\u6025\u9700\u7684\u3001\u6709\u7a81\u51fa\u4e34\u5e8a\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\u548c\u57fa\u56e0\u6cbb\u7597\u4ea7\u54c1\u8fdb\u5165\u4e34\u5e8a\u8bd5\u9a8c\u548c\u5c3d\u65e9\u4e0a\u5e02\uff0c\u65e9\u65e5\u60e0\u53ca\u6211\u56fd\u60a3\u8005\u3002\n <\/p>\n<\/section>\n}}}
\n
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\n \u7b2c\u4e00\u4f5c\u8005\u7b80\u4ecb<\/span><\/strong>\n <\/p>\n <\/section>\n <\/section>\n <\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\n \u8d75\u6668\u9633\uff0c\u535a\u58eb\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u836f\u54c1\u76d1\u7763\u7ba1\u7406\u5c40\u836f\u54c1\u5ba1\u8bc4\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u52a9\u7406\u7814\u7a76\u5458\u3002\u4e13\u4e1a\u65b9\u5411\uff1a\u7ec6\u80de\u548c\u57fa\u56e0\u6cbb\u7597\u4ea7\u54c1\u4e34\u5e8a\u5ba1\u8bc4\u7814\u7a76\n <\/p>\n<\/section>\n
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\n \u5171\u540c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4f5c\u8005\u7b80\u4ecb<\/span><\/strong>\n <\/p>\n <\/section>\n <\/section>\n <\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\n \u9ec4\u4e91\u8679\uff0c\u535a\u58eb\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u836f\u54c1\u76d1\u7763\u7ba1\u7406\u5c40\u836f\u54c1\u5ba1\u8bc4\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u52a9\u7406\u7814\u7a76\u5458\u3002\u4e13\u4e1a\u65b9\u5411\uff1a\u7ec6\u80de\u548c\u57fa\u56e0\u6cbb\u7597\u4ea7\u54c1\u4e34\u5e8a\u5ba1\u8bc4\u7814\u7a76\n <\/p>\n<\/section>\n
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\n \u901a\u8baf\u4f5c\u8005\u7b80\u4ecb<\/span><\/strong>\n <\/p>\n <\/section>\n <\/section>\n <\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\n \u9ad8\u6668\u71d5\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u836f\u54c1\u76d1\u7763\u7ba1\u7406\u5c40\u836f\u54c1\u5ba1\u8bc4\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u4e3b\u4efb\u836f\u5e08\u3002\u4e13\u4e1a\u65b9\u5411\uff1a\u65b0\u836f\u4e34\u5e8a\u5ba1\u8bc4\u7814\u7a76\n <\/p>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\n \n <\/p>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\n $\"\u56fe\u7247\"$ <\/span>\n <\/section>\n<\/section>\n
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